安徽巢湖平顶山西坡剖面下三叠统殷坑组沉积及地球化学特征     

林春明  张霞  于进  李达  张妮 《地质学报》2015,89(12):2363-2373

本文在对安徽巢湖平顶山西坡剖面下三叠统殷坑组解剖的基础上,着重对其内部赋存的碳酸盐岩的矿物组成、结构构造、化学成分及碳氧同位素特征等方面做了系统研究,探讨了其沉积环境和成岩环境,以及与海平面变化的关系等。研究表明,下三叠统殷坑组是在海水不断变深的背景下沉积的,经历了较浅水开阔台地、较深水的上斜坡和下斜坡,最后到深水盆地的4个演化过程。瘤状灰岩在殷坑组极其发育,由瘤体和基质两部分组成,瘤体多为灰色、浅灰色或灰白色微晶灰岩、泥晶微晶灰岩和微晶泥晶灰岩;基质颜色较深,以黄色、褐黄色和黄灰色钙质泥岩为主。条带状、断续状和杂乱状瘤状灰岩在剖面上呈规律性分布,与其所处的沉积环境和后期成岩作用强度密切相关,它们分别发育在下斜坡、上斜坡和深水盆地环境,溶蚀作用依次增强。殷坑组碳酸盐岩δ13 C处于负值区,自下而上,由-5.97‰变为-1.17‰,记录了一个明显的δ13 C正向大漂移,幅度达到4.80‰,这可能与生物复苏、有机质大量埋藏,以及海平面上升和沉积环境的改变有关。  相似文献   

贵州织金寒武系磷矿沉积特征及灯影组古喀斯特面控矿特征研究     

毛铁  杨瑞东  高军波  毛家仁 《地质学报》2015,89(12):2374-2388

在上扬子地台早寒武纪梅树村期,沉积了许多大型磷块岩矿床。贵州寒武系底部磷块岩发育,是我国重要含磷层位。贵州寒武系底部磷矿的研究历史比较悠久,研究方向主要还是集中于含磷物质来源以及磷块岩成因方面的研究。前者主要解决的是磷质来源与磷质赋存问题,但对于磷矿的就位问题研究较少。因此,对于磷矿控矿规律及含磷岩系沉积微相等有待深入。在总结前人研究的的基础上,对贵州织金-清镇一带寒武系底部含磷岩系进行大量的野外调查、剖面测试以及地质资料总结分析。认为清镇地区处于潮下低能泻湖环境,以条带状磷块岩和条带状磷质硅质岩为特征;织金戈仲伍一线,属于潮间-潮下高能沉积环境,沉积碎屑状磷块岩为主,局部沉积小壳生物磷块岩;织金熊家场浅滩和生物滩发育,属于潮上沉积环境。另外通过钻孔资料分析,发现织金地区寒武系底部磷块岩厚度变化很大,主要受灯影组顶部古喀斯特不整合面控制,滨岸磷质碎屑受沿岸海流的改造,搬运至古喀斯特洼地地区堆积,形成较厚度的碎屑状磷块岩。古喀斯特高地地区,受滨岸海流影响,沉积的磷块岩较薄,因此,建立织金寒武系磷块岩成矿控矿模式。该研究对贵州寒武系底部磷矿找矿预测工作有一定的理论和实际意义。  相似文献   

Development of microbial carbonates in the Lower Cretaceous Codó Formation (north‐east Brazil): Implications for interpretation of microbialite facies associations and palaeoenvironmental conditions          下载免费PDF全文

Anelize M. Bahniuk  Sylvia Anjos  Almério B. França  Nilo Matsuda  John Eiler  Judith A. Mckenzie  Crisogono Vasconcelos 《Sedimentology》2015,62(1):155-181

The study of microbial carbonates has acquired new significance with the recognition that they retain valuable information related to biomineralization processes associated with microbial activity throughout geological time. Additionally, microbialites have a demonstrated economic potential to serve as excellent hydrocarbon reservoirs. The Lower Cretaceous Codó Formation, located in the Parnaiba Basin of north‐east Brazil, comprises a unique stratigraphic sequence of up to 20 m thick, well‐preserved carbonate microbialites. Deposited in a continental basin during the initial break up and separation of South America from Africa in the Early Cretaceous, this lacustrine carbonate sequence provides an excellent example to investigate the palaeoenvironmental conditions controlling microbialite facies development. Based on macroscopic and microscopic observations of outcrop and drill core samples, four microbialite facies (stromatolite, lamina, massive and spherulite) were defined and distinguished by textures and microbial fossil content. Changes in facies type are related to alternating palaeo‐water depths, as reflected by ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr cycles resulting from fluctuations in the sources of meteoric water. Clumped isotope measurements of stromatolitic fabrics yield precipitation palaeo‐temperatures with an average value of 35°C. The δ¹⁸O values of bulk carbonate (?6·8 to ?1·5‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite) imply precipitation from water with calculated δ¹⁸O values between ?1·6‰ and 1·8‰ Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water, reflecting precipitation from variably modified meteoric waters. The δ¹³C values of bulk carbonate (?15·5 to ?7·2‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite) indicate a significant input of carbon derived from aerobic or anaerobic respiration of organic matter. Combined, the data indicate that the evolution of the Codó Formation occurred in a closed lacustrine palaeoenvironment with alternating episodes of contracting and expanding lake levels, which led to the development of specific microbialite facies associations. The results provide new insights into palaeoenvironmental settings, biogenicity and early diagenetic processes involved in the formation of ancient carbonate microbialites and, by extension, improve the knowledge of the reservoir geology of correlative units in deep waters offshore Brazil.  相似文献   

黔西北上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩气聚集条件分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张鹏  张金川  黄宇琪  吕艳南  尉菲菲  邓恩德 《地质论评》2015,61(1):155-162

根据野外露头地质调查、最新钻井及样品测试等基础资料,以富有机质页岩形成的地质背景及展布特征——页岩气聚集条件—勘探有利区预测为主线,对黔西北地区上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩气成藏条件进行分析,并采用综合信息叠合法对黔西北地区有利区进行预测。研究发现,页岩气发育的富有机质页岩段主要位于五峰组和龙马溪组底部,具有分布面积广、厚度大、有机质含量高、有机质类型好等特点,且具有充足的储集空间和运移通道。现场解吸实验表明,该套富有机质页岩具有良好的含气性能。总体分析,该区域与北美典型页岩气盆地具有良好的地质对比性,具有良好的页岩气聚集条件,是页岩气勘探研究以及后期页岩气开发的重要领域。  相似文献   

Early Cretaceous spinicaudatans (“conchostracans”) from lacustrine strata of the Sidi Aïch Formation in the northern Chotts range,southern Tunisia: Taxonomy,biostratigraphy and stratigraphic implication     

《Cretaceous Research》2015

The fossil clam shrimp genus Cratostracus was first described from the Turonian–Coniacian (Upper Cretaceous) Qingshankou Formation in the Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces of China, and it has been found to range down into the Aptian Guantou Formation in Zhejiang Province of southeastern China. Recently, species tentatively attributable to it (Cratostracus? cheni) has been recorded in the well-known Jehol Biota bearing Barremian–lower Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) Yixian Formation in western Liaoning Province of northeastern China. The species described in this paper as Cratostracus? tunisiaensis sp. nov. was recovered from the Sidi Aïch Formation in the Chotts area of southern Tunisia. Although only tentatively attributed to Cratostracus, its occurrence is consistent with a Barremian (Early Cretaceous) age for the formation. This first direct dating of the Sidi Aïch Formation gives a valuable insight for the stratigraphy of the region and will make it possible to more precisely correlate the different outcrops of the Sidi Aïch Formation. Moreover, the new fossil discovery allows a reconstruction of the paralic ecosystem that characterized the study area during the Barremian.  相似文献   

The longest theropod trackway from East Asia,and a diverse sauropod-, theropod-, and ornithopod-track assemblage from the Lower Cretaceous Jiaguan Formation,southwest China     

《Cretaceous Research》2015

Here we report a large dinosaur tracksite from an extensive fluvial sandstone surface in the Lower Cretaceous Jiaguan Formation of Sichuan Province, China. The site contains over 250 individual tracks comprising at least 18 recognizable trackways, including the longest theropod trackway (cf. Eubrontes) known from China. This exceptional theropod trackway consists of 81 successive footprints covering a distance of 69 m. The tracks are well-preserved and are expressed both as true tracks on the main “upper” surface and as transmitted undertracks on a locally exposed “lower” bed. Also recorded are six other theropod trackways, including small Grallator-like ichnites, eight sauropod trackways (cf. Brontopodus), and three small ornithopod (cf. Ornithopodichnus) trackways with a parallel orientation, which may indicate gregarious behavior. Several trackways of a larger theropod trackmaker show pes imprints with elongated traces of the metatarsals, suggesting extramorphological (substrate-controlled) variation and/or plantigrade posture, which is here interpreted as indicating a change in gait assumed in response to deep and soft sediment. The assemblage indicates a diverse dinosaur fauna in the Lower Cretaceous Sichuan Basin with variously sized theropods, sauropods, and ornithopods. The late occurrence of footprints of the Grallator-Eubrontes plexus in Lower Cretaceous strata is further evidence of the extended stratigraphic range of this morphotype and the distinct palaeobiogeographic distribution of these trackmakers in East Asia.  相似文献   

Analysis of geological effects on methane adsorption capacity of continental shale: a case study of the Jurassic shale in the Tarim Basin,northwestern China     

Xiaoyue Gao  Luofu Liu  Fujie Jiang  Ying Wang  Fei Xiao  Zeying Ren  Zhengyang Xiao 《Geological Journal》2016,51(6):936-948

The Jurassic shale is an important source rock for the found gas reservoirs in the Tarim Basin, northwestern China, but has never been researched for shale gas potential. The geological effects on methane adsorption capacity for the gas shale have been investigated in this paper through the geochemical, mineralogical and adsorption analyses on samples from wells and sections. The methane adsorption capacity ranges from 0.58 to 16.57 cm³/g, and the total organic carbon (TOC) content is between 0.5 and 13.5 wt%. The organic maturity measured by T_max is between 410 °C (immature) and 499 °C (overmature). The methane adsorption capacity of the Jurassic continental shale in the Tarim Basin is affected by many geological factors, including the TOC content, organic matter maturity, mineral composition, surface area and pore size distribution. The TOC content is the most significant factor with a positive effect on the adsorption capacity of the Jurassic shale, and the influence varies piecewise according to the TOC content. The TOC content contributes much more to the methane adsorption capacity of organic‐rich shale samples (TOC content > 0.7 wt%) than to the organic‐lean samples (TOC content < 0.7 wt%). The mineral composition is a secondary factor, and the abundance of clay content has a positive effect on the methane adsorption capacity despite its relatively weaker adsorption ability compared to TOC. The pore size distribution has different effects on surface area and pore volume. Mesopores and micropores provide the major surface area and are mainly derived from TOC and illite, which has a positive influence on the adsorption capacity. Mesopores and macropores offer the major pore volume and are mainly formed by illite, which is the major contributor for pore volume rather than surface area. In addition, the TOC and illite contents of the Jurassic shale in the Tarim Basin are closely related to the origin, maturity and diagenesis evolution of the shale: (1) both TOC and illite content variations are related to the different provenances and depositional environments of shale; (2) the decrease of TOC content with increasing maturity is also partly attributed to hydrocarbon generation; and (3) the increase of illite content with increasing maturity is due to illitization in the diagenesis of shale. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Geologic, Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Constraints on Mechanisms of Ore Deposition at the Datuanshan Copper Deposit, Middle–Lower Yangtze Valley, Eastern China     

CAO Yi  DU Yangsong  PANG Zhenshan  DU Yilun  KOU Shaolei  CHEN Linjie  GAO Fuping  ZHOU Guibi 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(3):746-765

The Datuanshan deposit is one of the largest and most representative stratabound copper deposits in the Tongling area,the largest ore district in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt.The location of the orebodies is controlled by the interlayer-slipping faults between the Triassic and Permian strata,and all the orebodies are distributed in stratiform shape around the Mesozoic quartz monzodiorite dikes.Based on field evidence and petrographic observations,four mineralization stages in the Datuanshan deposit have been identified:the skarn,early quartz-sulfide,late quartzsulfide and carbonate stages.Chalcopytite is the main copper mineral and mainly formed at the late quartz-sulfide stage.Fluid inclusions at different stages were studied for petrography,microthermometry,laser Raman spectrometry and stable isotopes.Four types of fluid inclusions,including three-phase fluid inclusions(type 1),liquid-rich fluid inclusions(type 2),vapour-rich fluid inclusions(type 3) and pure vapour fluid inclusions(type 4),were observed.The minerals from the skarn,early and late quartz-sulfide stages contain all fluid inclusion types,but only type 2 fluid inclusions were observed at the carbonate stage.Petrographic observations suggest that most of the inclusions studied in this paper are likely primary.The coexistence of different types of fluid inclusions with contrasting homogenization characteristics(to the liquid and vapour phase,respectively) and similar homogenization temperatures(the modes are 440-480℃,380-400℃ and 280-320℃ for the skarn,early and late quartz-sulfide stages,respectively) in the first three stages,strongly suggests that three episodes of fluid boiling occurred during these stages,which is supported by the hydrogen isotope data.Laser Raman spectra identified CH_4 at the skarn and early quartz-sulfide stages.Combined with other geological features,the early ore-forming fluids were inferred to be under a relatively reduced environment.The CO_2 component has been identified at the late quartz-sulfide and carbonate stages,indicating that the late ore-forming fluids were under a relatively oxidized environment,probably as a result of inflow of and mixing with meteoric water.In addition,microthermometric results of fluid inclusions and H-O isotope data mdicate that the ore forming fluids were dominated by magmatic water in the early stages(skarn and early quartz-sulfide stages) and mixed with meteoric water in the late stages(late quartz-sulfide and carbonate stages).The evidence listed above suggests that the chalcopyrite deposition in the Datuanshan deposit probably resulted from the combination of multiepisode fluid boiling and mixing of magmatic and meteoric water.  相似文献   

近期黄河下游游荡段滩岸崩退过程及特点   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李洁  夏军强  邓珊珊  张晓雷 《水科学进展》2015,26(4):517-525

小浪底水库运行后,黄河下游游荡段河床冲刷剧烈,滩岸崩退过程较为显著。估算典型断面的滩岸崩退过程,不仅有助于全面掌握该河段的河床演变规律,同时也能为河道整治及规划等提供相关参数。以1999—2013年游荡段典型断面(水文断面及淤积断面)汛后实测地形资料为基础,确定了这些断面平滩河宽的调整过程,发现多年平均崩退速率最大达215 m/a;分析了影响滩岸崩退过程的不同因素,发现滩岸土体组成及力学特性、滩槽高差等因素虽对崩退过程有一定影响,但来水来沙条件是主要影响因素;分别建立了游荡段水文断面及淤积断面滩岸累计崩退宽度与前期5年平均汛期水流冲刷强度之间的经验关系,相关系数都在0.85以上。公式计算值与实测值吻合较好,可用来估算游荡段典型断面滩岸的崩退过程。  相似文献   

黄河下游高含沙洪水过程一维水沙耦合数学模型   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

夏军强  张晓雷  邓珊珊  李洁 《水科学进展》2015,26(5):686-697

采用浑水控制方程,建立了基于耦合解法的一维非恒定非均匀沙数学模型,用于模拟高含沙洪水演进时的河床冲淤过程.然后采用黄河下游游荡段1977年7—8月实测高含沙洪水资料对该模型进行率定,基于水沙耦合解法的各水文断面流量、总含沙量及分组含沙量的计算过程与实测过程符合更好,计算的沿程最高水位及累计河段冲淤量与实测值也较为符合.最后还采用2004年8月高含沙洪水资料对该模型进行了验证.模型率定及验证计算结果表明,采用一维水沙耦合模型计算高含沙洪水过程,能取得较高的精度.  相似文献